LINQ Meaning:

LINQ is the abbreviated form of the scientific term Language Integrated Query. LINQ is a uniform query syntax in C+ # and VB.NET. It uses multiple data sources and formats to collect necessary data. NIQ is integrated in C# or VB, thus doing away with any mismatch between programming languages and databases. 

In addition, LINQ also provides a single query interface for different types of data sources. SQL or a Structured Query Language is always used in computer programming languages to obtain raw information from a specific database. LINQ facilitates or provides a common syntax for querying any type of data source. 

Benefits or Advantages of LINQ:

• LINQ is known for its fast processing speed through which errors occurring at compile time can be identified and rectified with IntelliSense & Debugging support.

Disadvantages of LINQ:

• Normally, it is hard to write a LINQ provider.
• One of the biggest disadvantages of LINQ is its inability to give a specific outline for Tiers.

Conclusion:

LINQ, released in .NET Framework 3.5 on November 19, 2007, has already become quite popular. Though it has certain inbuilt disadvantages, the merits or utilities are more than the disadvantages.

Globalization Definition:

Globalization is an umbrella term. It represents a lot of things simultaneously. However, in the context of technology, it has a completely different meaning. It refers to the sudden growing interdependence of one another strictly in the sense of IT and other hi-tech products.

It facilitates the manufacture and marketing of goods and services relating to technology in one country and the same can be transported to other nations as well.

In other words, it is a global initiative and cross-country trading in goods and services irrespective of barriers of countries. It can involve the regular flow of IT-related products and software supply and other hi-tech products.

Features of Globalization:

• It integrates the local market to particular products like software, hardware, and other IT-related products (or any other product)
• It is directly related to exports
• It follows norms of the World Trade Organisation
• It often enjoys tax benefits

Functions of Globalization:

• Making goods and services available at a cheaper price worldwide
• Making available foreign funding or investments
• Promoting multilateral trading involving several goods and services and several countries
• Facilitating formatting an international specification for goods and services to make them universal or being able to get adopted universally

 Benefits of Globalization:

• New trade zones are created
• Global market mobilization for smaller companies and start-ups in IT-spectrum, chips manufacturing, and software

Utilities of Globalization:

• Local markets get globalization providing a major benefit to start-ups and other smaller companies who have the expertise yet lack an international approach.
• Developing countries can utilize this opportunity to augment their national income.
• Professionals and specialists in the IT sector and software realm can utilize this benefit to go abroad to join prominent global companies.

Conclusion:

Globalization helps local geographically-based or city-based economies to grow exponentially. The start-up and smaller companies can emerge as major global players in a space of time.

Managed Code Meaning:

Managed Code means a scheme applied by Microsoft to some high-level programming languages. This is done to have their execution managed by the .Net Framework Common Language Runtime.

Basically, it is a computer programme code that facilitates the system’s smooth operation.

Managed Code helps or facilitates contract of cooperation between the runtime and the natively executing code which states that the runtime may stop an executing CPU to retrieve the information which is specific to that current address the CPU is executing.

Functions of Managed Code:

Managed Code has several functions primary among them being:

It runs in the Common Language Runtime (CLR), which provides services such as automatic memory management, platform-neutrality, and cross-language integration.

Managed Code is applied to ensure type safety, array bound and index checking, garbage collection and exception handling.

Main Features of Managed Code:

1) Managed Code helps us avoid many typical programming mistakes. This is done by using Managed Code through compilation in the managed execution environment.

2) Managed Code supports the programming languages like:

• C++
• C#
• J#
• Microsoft Jscript .Net
• Microsoft Visual Basic .Net
• Other languages which support the .Net framework

3) Ensures that the code is valid managed code

4) Managed Code changes the entry point in the image to an entry point in the runtime. 

5) It is the compiler output of source code written in one of over 20 high-level programming languages. 

Conclusion:

There exist differences or distinctions between Managed Code and Unmanaged Code. It is prevalent and only relevant when developing applications that interact with CLR implementations. Many older versions of programming languages have been ported to the CLR. As a result, differentiation is needed to identify managed code, especially in a mixed setup.

Method Overloading Meaning:

Method Overloading, a benefit permitting a class to have more than one method having the same name with different parameters, is similar to Constructor Overloading in Java if their argument lists are different.

It allows a class to have more than one constructor having different argument lists which means the parameters that a method has.

Thus it denotes if a class has many or several methods having the same name but different in parameters, it is Method Overloading.

Functions of Method Overloading:

It has several functions primary among them being:

Being similar to Constructor Overloading in Java, it allows a class to have more than one constructor having different argument lists (also known as parameter lists).

Its functionality can be utilized by declaring the same method with varied parameters which must be different in number, sequence or types of parameters (or arguments).  

One of the functions of it relates to Static Binding which happens at compile time. Under Method overloading, binding of method calls to its definition happens at Compile time.

Types of Method Overloading:

Following are the main types of Method Overloading:

• Function overloading.
• Operator overloading.

Note:

In the light of the above types, it is necessary to mention that there are two possible ways to overload which are:

• Changing Number of arguments.
• Changing the data types.

Features of Method Overloading:

Following are the main features of Method Overloading:

It is a static polymorphism system (methods are binded during the compilation process).

Overloading relates to runtime (binding) and the binding of methods is done at compile-time. As a result, multiple processes are not required during run time.

The numbers of arguments are part of the actual method overloading.

Benefits of Method Overloading:

This has several benefits primary among them being:

• It is time-saving as it reduces execution time because the binding is done during compilation time.
• An overloading mechanism achieves flexibility.
• Code reusability is achieved; hence it saves memory.
• Code complexity is reduced. Hence provides consistency of code. 

Conclusion:

Method Overloading has revolutionized the working methods as it eliminates multiple methods with the same name. This has tremendous overloading functionality benefits in code readability and reusability of the program. 

MSIL Definition:

Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), also known as Common Intermediate Language (CIL), is basically a rule-book or guide or a set of instructions that are platform independent. The MSIL or CIL are created by the language-specific compiler from the source code. 

Basically, it is a platform which is independent. As a result (being independent), the MSIL or CIL can be executed or put into active mode on any of the Common Language Infrastructure supported environments such as Windows. 

It is converted/changed into a particular computer environment specific machine code by the JIT (Just in Time) Compiler which must be done before the MSIL can be executed or put into active mode. 

The MSIL can be converted into the machine code on a specific requirement basis. To exemplify this point, the JIT (Just in Time) compiler compiles the MSIL as required rather than the whole of it. 

When we talk of or explain the CLR, it must be mentioned that the execution process includes the creation of the MSIL and the conversion of the MSIL into machine code by the JIT compiler. 

Features of MSIL:

• It has several features. The important features are: 
• There are opcodes that are one or two bytes long
• The CLR, along with the MSIL, metadata containing     information like definition and signature of the types in the code, runtime information, is also produced in the compilation.
• CLI assembly is created by assembling the MSIL.
• MSIL includes instructions for loading, storing, initializing, and calling methods on objects.
• MSIL issues instructions for arithmetic and logical operations, control flow, direct memory access, exception handling, and other operations. 

Conclusion:

The MSIL and CIL have revolutionized Internet functioning. It has made many difficult computer tasks and is growingly becoming popular across the world. It is particularly useful as the system happens to be machine agnostic and can be turned into native code quickly.

As a result, it simplifies computer operations.