Encapsulation Definition: 

Encapsulation, also known as OOP (Object-Oriented Computer Programming), is an assortment of data which has been put together or bundled. It operates in a single composite unit and can be classified also.

To simplify the meaning, we can say it is a mechanism under which the direct access to some parts of an object is restricted. Thus, a programme can be hidden for restricted use. It is basically a privacy safety mechanism.

Privacy is protected: Restricted information or data can be accessed only with the use of the code within the same class.

Merits or Benefits of Encapsulation:

• A data containing information can remain hidden and can be seen by the user using a particular code. Thus information leak is sealed.
• This mechanism helps the internet-related companies, institutions and organizations to safely implement encapsulation to protect sensitive data.
• It helps the internet-related companies to comply with industry-specific data security and privacy requirements like HIPAA and PCI DDS. 
• This mechanism can put data into several fragments or parts to put them in various compartments to enable the users to resort to view data on the basis of their need-to-know module.

Demerits or Disadvantages of Encapsulation

• Encapsulation gives rise to volume or the length of the code. It also slows shutdown execution.
• Once this method is put into practice or done, the data of one class cannot be used in another class
• Time-consuming while on operation

The Conclusion:

The OOP has four fundamental concepts with encapsulation being one. The others are inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. The data (variables) and code acting on the data (methods) are wrapped together as a single composite unit. This is also known as a data-hiding process or method.

The variables of a class remain hidden from other classes. Subsequently, they can be accessed only through the methods of their current class.