The Microsoft .NET Framework is the technology on which all other Microsoft technologies will be built in the future, and it is the foundation for all of them. It is a significant technological development implemented by Microsoft to capture market share from Sun’s Java. Basically, for .NET Interview Questions, this topic should be in top priority.
With the world growing more reliant on the Internet/Online related products being the preferred option for web applications, Microsoft seemed to be losing the fight against the competition. Thousands of programmers have switched from Visual C++ and Visual Basic to Java.
Microsoft was aware of these considerations, and the .NET Framework was developed with all of these considerations in mind. All unnecessary complications have been removed, and a pure object-oriented programming approach has been implemented in its place. This makes the life of a coder a lot easier. Only VC++ and Visual Basic were available to Microsoft to fight with Java a few years ago, but Java quickly gained ground in the citation.
According to the manufacturer, in the Microsoft development approach, known as .NET, software becomes platform and device-agnostic while data becomes accessible through the internet. As a result of this vision, Microsoft .NET is sometimes referred to as the Microsoft strategy for integrating systems, information, and devices via web services, allowing people to cooperate and communicate more efficiently with one another.
Find more: Top 100+ .net Core Interview Questions and Answers
These top 100+ .Net interview questions for freshers and experienced professionals can assist you in brushing up on your knowledge in order to acquire a desired position in the industry.
Microsoft created the .Net framework to allow developers to execute programs on Windows and offer an environment for running, debugging, and deploying code via tools and functions such as libraries, classes, and APIs.
Top 100+ .Net Interview Questions and Answers For Freshers and Experienced
What exactly is the Microsoft .NET Framework?
(Entry level)
.NET is a platform developed by Microsoft that may be used to build, host, deploy, manage, and run applications, among other things. In other words, it provides support for the entire application development life cycle, hence making the developer’s life more pleasant and efficient. The .NET framework provides an object-oriented approach to developing a variety of applications.
This is one of the most frequently asked question in the dot net interview for fresher’s.
In what ways does the .NET framework vary from other frameworks?
(Entry level)
The components of the Dot Net are listed below in alphabetical order:
- Specifications for a Common Language
- Runtime Environment for Common Languages
- Class Library for the Framework
- WebForms
- Windows Forms is a program that allows you to create forms on your computer.
What exactly is Namespace?
(Junior Level)
Ans: It’s a sensible bunch of classes to put together. Take, for instance, System.Web. This namespace contains types that are relevant to the user interface, such as text boxes, list controls, and other similar elements.
It is one of the top topic in .net interview questions for fresher’s, experienced and senior developers.
What is code access security (CAS), and how does it work?
(Expert level)
Ans: In the .NET framework security architecture, code access security (CAS) is a feature that prevents unauthorized access to resources and activities while also restricting the ability of code to execute certain functions.
What is the procedure for activating CAS?
(Junior Level)
Ans: For CAS to be enabled, enter the following command at the command prompt:
Calpol-protection is activated
What is the procedure for turning off CAS?
(Mid level)
Ans: If you want to disable CAS, use the following command on the command prompt:
Calpol – security is turned off.
What is the namespace that contains all of the core types in the .NET Framework?
(Entry level)
Ans: System.Object
What exactly is CLS?
(Expert level)
Ans: CLS is an acronym that stands for Common Language Specification. The net language supports both CLS and CTS. The Common Language System (CLS) is a subset of the Common Type System (CTS). CLS provides the rules that the runtime environment must follow while defining, using, and maintaining types.
It is one of the most questions asked in the dot net interview questions for experienced candidates.
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What exactly is CTS?
(Senior level)
Ans: CTS is an abbreviation for Common Type System. The CTS is responsible for defining the rules governing data types. It guarantees type safety as well as cross-interoperability across systems. CTS supports two broad kinds of styles, both of which are derived from a foundation type known as the System.Object.
What exactly is CLR?
(Senior level)
Ans: CLR is an abbreviation for the Common Language Runtime. The Common Language Runtime (CLR) provides an execution environment for .NET programs. Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) code is aimed at the Common Language Runtime (CLR), which internally converts the code into platform-dependent instructions.
The above two are the most frequent .net interview questions for freshers.
What is Managed Code, and how does it work?
(Expert level)
Ans: CLR executes managed code that is included inside assemblies that have been designated for execution. Managed code is produced by default by the compilers for Visual Basic .NET and C#. Because of the managed code, the .NET framework is capable of supporting Language Interoperability.
What is unmanaged code, and how does it differ from managed code?
(Senior level)
Ans: Unmanaged code is code that is not managed by the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The unmanaged code does not need the .NET framework to be executed; it is entirely independent of the .NET framework. Unmanaged code has its runtime environment, which is used for both execution and compilation.
What exactly is a Garbage Collection Service?
(Junior Level)
Ans: A characteristic of CLR is the presence of a garbage collector. This procedure conducts the periodic cleaning operation on unused managed objects to determine if any new or unreferenced objects exist that may be freed up from memory. It does not conduct the cleaning procedure on items that are not controlled.
What are generations in Garbage collector (GC)?
(Senior level)
Ans: This is one of the most often asked .net interview questions in a job interview. Generations are used to indicate the age of something. Generations are developed to improve the overall performance of the GC. There are three different sorts of generations: Generation 0, Generation 1, and Generation 2.
Are Garbage collectors can’t be forced to work?
(Expert level)
Ans: The “System.GC.Collect()” method may be used to make the garbage collectors operate.
To “dispose” of something is one thing, but to “finalize” is another. Dispose utilizes the “I Disposable” interface. To remove the unmanaged code, a call to a user program function is required.
What is a Loader for Assembly?
(Junior Level)
Ans: CLR includes an assembly loader as one of its parts. The Main() function was loaded into memory once the assembly was found and loaded. FCL classes that are referenced by code may also be found and loaded.
What does JIT stand for?
(Senior level)
Ans: Just-in-Time Compiler (JIT). On-demand JIT compiling is the norm. After the JIT compiler has finished analyzing MSIL code, it generates very fast machine code. A tiny module is injected with information on whether or not the process has previously been built for each method.
Read more: Top 10 Questions and Answers of .net For The Beginners
Which JIT compilers are available?
(Entry level)
Ans: JIT compilers come in three flavors: Standard JIT: This technique is used to create software. For mobile apps, Econo JIT is employed.
What is the purpose of the term “application”?
(Junior Level)
Ans: A separate worker process is used to run each .NET program on the Windows OS. Loading and running managed code in the Application Domain context of a .NET application is done by CLR. For example, here’s how they work A single process may accommodate many application domains.
What is the purpose of the assembly process?
(Mid level)
Ans: The .NET application’s assembly is a logical unit of deployment and version management. Assemblies are made up of various resources and kinds that are specifically designed to function together. An executable program (EXE) or a class library may house the .NET Assembly files (DLL). It is CLR that provides the framework in which the assemblies may be executed.
What is the location of the assembly’s version information?
(Entry level)
Ans: The manifest includes it.
Why do we use MSIL code?
(Senior level)
Ans: Here, you can find the Microsoft Intermediate Language Code (MILC). An instruction set that can be easily transformed into native code is called a CPU-independent set of instructions. Native code is converted to CPU-specific native code before the code is executed. The compiler also generates information when it generates MSIL. True cross-language interoperability is possible when MSIL is used with metadata and CTS.
What are Assembly’s advantages?
(Junior Level)
Ans: Assembly has several advantages, such as the ones listed below:
- When putting together an assembly, you can use a single file or a collection of modules.
- Small functional units of deployment are known as assemblies.
- All platforms that have the .NET framework installed may run them.
What does ILDASM stand for?
(Entry level)
Ans: ILDASM.exe was used to view the Assembly’s content.
In what ways are assemblies classified?
(Mid level)
Ans: One or more assemblies make up a .NET application. There are two sorts of groups:
Confidential Gathering, In a joint effort.
A Private Assembly is what?
(Junior Level)
Ans: When a component is linked to a particular program, it is produced as a private assembly. Assemblies are built in the bin folder of the .NET program in the Application folder.
(Junior Level)
Ans: Assemblies that several applications may useare termed Shared Assemblies. GUI-based support for all Windows programs is provided by System.winform.dll,
What is C#?
(Expert level)
Ans: C# is an object-oriented programming language that can be controlled. C# language combines the strength of C++ with the ease of Java. Type-safe object-oriented programming is possible with C#, which is an object-oriented programming language. Object-oriented programming is fully supported by this framework. It is case-sensitive and uses its own set of keywords to identify the application.
This is one of the top .NET interview questions.
Also read; Top 10 Web Design and Development interview Question and Answers
How does a .NET program run?
(Expert level)
Ans: .NET code is compiled twice before running. The compilation process is a breakdown: MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) is compiled from source code (C# or VB.NET) using the language-specific compiler. The CSC compiler for C#, for example, and the VBC compiler for VB.NET
What is the purpose of the Value type attribute?
(Junior Level)
Ans: It’s the data itself that’s included in the values kinds. The stack is always full of accurate data.
What is the purpose of a reference?
(Entry level)
Ans: It is possible to save a memory address in a reference type, but the actual data is stored on the heap.
What exactly is boxing?
(Entry level)
Ans: Boxing is the process of transforming a value type into a reference type. It is referred to as an Implicit conversion in certain circles.
What exactly is unboxing?
(Entry level)
Ans: The reference type will start being converted to a value type. It is referred to as an explicit conversion in certain circles.
What exactly is Enum?
(Senior level)
Ans: Enum is a kind of value consisting of a collection of integer constants given names. Each member begins with a value of 0 by default, and the value is increased by 1 for each subsequent member. It is not necessary to use Enums to follow a sequential ordering.
What exactly is a struct?
(Expert level)
Ans: The structure is represented by a value type. In the development of mathematical or geometrical applications, it is often used. It facilitates the creation of new value-type objects that are comparable to the built-in type.
What exactly is an array?
(Expert level)
Ans: An array is a collection of items that are comparable to one another and are kept in a contiguous memory area. A reference type in the .NET framework is referred to as a reference type. The base index is always 0, regardless of the situation. In contrast to the C programming language, the size of an array is not a property of its type.
What are the many sorts of arrays that may be used?
(Entry level)
Ans: Arrays may be divided into two types:
- Single-dimensional arrays are used in many applications.
- Arrays with many dimensions.
What are multi-dimensional arrays, and how do they work?
(Junior Level)
Ans: Multi-dimensional arrays are arrays that may contain more than one dimension in addition to the array’s dimensions.
What is a Jagged Array, and how does it work?
(Senior level)
Ans: A jagged array is an array whose elements are also other arrays, as the name implies. The components of a jagged array may have a range of varying widths and sizes between one another. A jagged array is also referred to as a “array-of-arrays” in certain circles.
What exactly is an object?
(Expert level)
Ans: An object is a physical thing that exists in the actual world. An entity with a well-defined structure and behavior is defined as follows: An object is a reference type, meaning it is nothing more than an instance of a class. When accessing the methods and properties of a class, this is the method to utilize.
Explain the concept of role-based security to your students.
(Senior level)
Ans: Based on the role given to the user, role-based security implements security measures. Afterward, we may provide access to people depending on their position in the company. For example, with Windows, users, administrators, and visitors all have different access levels.
A Brief Discussion About the COM components in Microsoft .NET.
Components of the COM protocol are registered. Before being used by the application, COM components had to be written on the target machine for them to be used. To discover and load the COM components, the program had to search through the Windows registry.
They are detaching COM components from the system. In addition, COM objects necessitated the development of a specific logic for releasing the objects from memory. Reference counting of COM objects is the term used to describe this technique. Keeping track of how many current references there are is the purpose of this field.
A piece of data is eliminated from memory when the reference count of a part of data falls to zero. The most significant issue that emerges as a result of this circumstance is that of circular referencing. If there are circular references between two COM components, the COM components will not be released from their memory allocation.
COM components are one the best questions to ask in dot net interview.
Know more: Top 10 interview Questions and Answers For CSE Students
What exactly is “cross-posting”?
(Mid level)
Ans: A page’s data is saved once we click on a submit button. It’s called a cross-page posting if all of the information is located on a separate page.
What is a class?
(Senior level)
Ans: Classes are user-defined types; they are reference types. The object’s blueprint is included inside. Data members (constants) and member functions are the building blocks of a class, which is an abstract data type that represents real-world things.
It is one of the top topic in .net interview questions, even for freshers, experienced professionals and senior developers.
What is CMain() #’s function?
(Junior Level)
Ans: C# program’s main entry point is the Main() function.
Object-oriented programming language is C# safe to use?
(Entry level)
Ans: Yes
What is the class member’s default access modifier?
(Entry level)
Ans: The default access modifier is private.
An Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) definition may be found here.
(Expert level)
Ans: In Object-Oriented Programming, the entire system’s behavior results from the interactions between discrete objects. When a system is running, these items must interact with one another. There are many distinct objects in the C# training module that have their characteristics.
Object-Oriented Programming is based on what?
(Entry level)
Ans: The following are the critical pillars of OOP:
- Abstraction
- Encapsulation
What is abstraction?
(Mid level)
Ans: Object-oriented programming relies on abstraction as a foundational principle. It is a technique for defining what information an object needs to display and hiding what it doesn’t need to say.
What is encapsulation?
(Expert level)
Ans: Programming in object-oriented languages relies heavily on encapsulation. This focuses on encrypting and presenting the object’s interface to the end-user. We can conceal the necessary information and reveal just the required methods and properties regarding an object using access modifiers.
Is Inheritance a kind of gift?
(Mid level)
Ans: Object-oriented programming relies heavily on inheritance. As a result of heritage, classes with shared behavior and structure better understand one another.
The term “polymorphism” is often used, but what exactly is it?
(Senior level)
Ans: In polymorphism, a single name is used to represent various distinct objects with ancestors. An array of operations may be performed on this single object. Polymorphism occurs when the qualities of inheritance and dynamic binding interact with one other.
What are nested classes, and how do they work?
(Entry level)
Ans: Nested classes are classes that are contained inside other classes.
Is it possible in C# to return multiple values from a function?
(Entry level)
Ans: Yes.
Which class serves as the foundation for all data types in the .net framework?
(Expert level)
Ans: The Object class is the root class of all data types in the .net programming language. All styles are inherited from the Object class, the same as they are in .NET programming languages.
What exactly are the parameters?
(Expert level)
Ans: When utilizing the params keyword, you may do this. The use of parameter arrays is supported in C#. Using the parameterized keyword, you may build a method that can accept a variable number of parameters. There are no more arguments permitted once the params keyword has been specified in a way.
What exactly is a Constructor?
(Expert level)
Ans: A new object is generated on the managed heap by calling the function Object() { [native code] } of the class, which is invoked by the new operator. The function Object() { [native code] } is responsible for initialising the members of the object.
What characteristics does the Constructor possess?
(Expert level)
Ans: The function Object() { [native code] } of a class may be static, meaning that it is only called once before the instance of the course is constructed. No arguments and no access modifiers are allowed in this case (private, public).
What exactly is the Destructor?
(Expert level)
Ans: The Destructor method of a class is responsible for de-initializing resources allocated during the creation of an object. In C#, the destructor is the Garbage Collector, a component of the Common Language Runtime that allows the object’s memory to be reused when it is no longer necessary.
It is one of the top questions asked in the .net interview questions for experienced candidates.
What are the characteristics of a property?
(Expert level)
Ans: Intelligent fields are the technical term for these types of properties. Fields are data members of the class that contain information. Properties are just expanded versions of fields, and they may be accessed using the same syntax as fields.
What is the Static technique, and how does it work?
(Junior Level)
Ans: Only static members may be accessed using the static method. They are called by the name of the class that they belong to. A static method does not create a new instance of the type that it is called from.
What is the definition of a Static member?
(Mid level)
Ans: A static member is a member of the type class as a whole rather than a single object. As a result, just a single instance of static members exists for each class. All of the things share it in the category.
What is the non-Static technique, and how does it work?
(Junior Level)
Ans: Non-static methods are sometimes referred to as instance methods since they are always invoked with the class object in which they are defined. In other words, the non-Static process is called by passing an object reference to the process.
What are the Exceptions to this Rule?
(Senior level)
Ans: In programming, exceptions are mistakes that occur throughout a program’s execution; they are often referred to as runtime errors. The vast majority of the time, they can be discovered and dealt with in code. When a runtime error occurs, the .NET framework ends the program’s execution.
In what ways do Exceptions vary from one another?
(Entry level)
Ans: Exceptions may be classified into two categories:
- Exceptions that occur at the system level
- Exceptions that appear at the application level
What are the differences between system-level and application-level exceptions?
(Expert level)
Ans: System-level exceptions are those that occur when the .NET framework encounters a problem. The SystemException class is the ancestor of all of these exception classes.
In this case, the user program is throwing custom exceptions that have been developed for the application. Its exceptions classes are descended from the ApplicationException class.
What is the definition of Exception Handling? And how do you deal with it?
(Expert level)
Ans: This is one of the most often asked .net interview questions in a job interview. Exception Handling is the term used to describe the process of detecting and dealing with runtime faults. C# includes try-catch blocks that may be used to properly manage specific runtime problems.
Is it possible for a try block to include several catch blocks?
(Entry level)
Ans: Yes, several catch blocks may be used in conjunction with a single try block.
What is a partial class, and how does it work?
(Senior level)
Ans: A class may be distributed over multiple source files using the term partial, making it easier to maintain. All of the source files for the class definition are combined into a single file that contains all of the class members.
Is it possible to have multiple inheritances in C#?
(Entry level)
Ans: No, C# does not enable multiple inheritances at the time of writing.
What is the difference between early binding and late binding?
(Expert level)
Ans: Components such as early binding methods and properties are discovered and validated during the compile-time process. Early binding is sometimes referred to as static binding in certain circles. Method overloading and operator overloading are two examples of early binding in action.
What you should know about the DLL in .Net?
There is a problem with versioning (DLL hell). When programs that use COM components were installed on a computer, the installation procedure would update the registry with the information about the COM components installed.
As a result, there was a possibility that these DLLs might be overwritten if other apps were installed on the same machine simultaneously. A program that had previously used a particular DLL would now use a different DLL that was not intended to be used. The consequences of this were disastrous when a program referred to a specific version of a DLL.
DLL is one of the top topic in .Net interview questions.
Also learn: Top 10 Interview Questions on Java
What are the various forms of polymorphism that might be encountered?
(Junior Level)
Ans: Polymorphism may be divided into two categories:
- Polymorphism at the static or compile time
- A polymorphism that occurs in real-time or at runtime
What is Method Overloading, and how does it work?
(Entry level)
Ans: Overloaded methods are methods that have the same name but have distinct signatures from one another.
What is the definition of method overriding?
(Expert level)
Ans: Method overriding occurs when two or more methods with identical names, signatures, and return types are found in separate classes in the hierarchy. To specify method overriding in C#, the virtual and override keywords are used. Method overriding allows an object to resolve method invocation at runtime by overriding the original plan. It is sometimes referred to as late binding.
What exactly is shadowing?
(Junior Level)
Ans: Shadowing is the process of concealing a base class member in a derived class via the keyword new.
What is a Sealed class, and how does it work?
(Entry level)
Ans: A sealed class cannot be passed down via the generations. The Sealed type may be used to prevent the course from inheriting from itself in the future.
What is an abstract class, and how does it differ from a concrete class?
(Expert level)
Ans: The abstract keyword allows for the development of classes and class members that may be passed down via inheritance. At least one abstract method must be present in an abstract class. Other approaches may be either conceptual or non-abstract, depending on their purpose.
What is the definition of an interface?
(Expert level)
Ans: Reference types, such as the Interface, are defined as follows: It is not allowed to include data members. It consists of the lone declaration of methods, properties, indexers, and events in the codebase. However, the implementation portion of the interface may be completed in the class that implements the interface. By default, the Interface is open to the public.
Is it possible to build an object of the Abstract class or an interface?
(Entry level)
Ans: No, we are unable to produce.
What are the benefits of passing down a family line?
(Entry level)
Ans: Reusability and extensibility are important considerations.
What are Nullable types, and how do they work?
(Mid level)
Ans: A null value is not included inside the value type. Because of this, it becomes impossible to assign a null to value types like int, float, bool, and so on. Nullable types, however, allow us to assign null to whatever value type we choose.
What are collections, and how do they work?
(Senior level)
Ans: A collection is a group of similar components arranged logically. System. In the Collections namespace, you’ll find interfaces and classes that specify different collections of objects, such as lists, queues, hash tables, dictionaries, and other similar types of data structures.
What is a generic collection, and how does it differ from other groups?
(Senior level)
Ans: The collection contains the definition of the generic collection. The namespace is generic. To decouple logic from the data type, generics are used.
What exactly is MIME?
(Senior level)
Ans: A multipurpose internet mail extension (MIME) is an extension of the e-mail protocol that allows users to send and receive files over the internet. MIME is an abbreviation for multipurpose internet mail extensions.
What exactly is ViewState?
(Entry level)
Ans: To maintain the status of server-side objects across page post-backs, ViewState is used.
Where is the ViewState saved once the page has been reloaded?
(Senior level)
Ans: A hidden field on the page at the client’s side stores the current ViewState. ViewState is sent from the client to the server and back again, and it is not kept on the server or anywhere else outside of the application.
For how long the things in View State will be available?
(Entry level)
Ans: They are only active for the duration of the current page.
Is it possible to include code files in many languages in the App Code folder?
(Junior Level)
Ans: No, the code files in the App code folder must all be in the same language to be stored there.
What is Protected Configuration, and how does it work?
(Entry level)
Ans: It is a feature that is used to protect the information included in the connection string.
To add validations on an Aspx page, what is the best practice?
(Junior Level)
Ans: Client-side validation is the most effective method of validating information on a web page. It helps to decrease network traffic while also conserving server resources.
What exactly is MVC?
(Entry level)
Ans: MVC is a framework that is used to develop web-based applications.
When it comes to online services, what is the file extension?
(Entry level)
Ans: Web services are stored in files with the extension.ASMX.
What are the components of the ADO.NET programming language?
(Entry level)
Ans: The ADO.Net components are as follows: Dataset, Data Reader, Data Adaptor, Command, and connection.
(Senior level)
Ans: The session cookie is stored on the client system for the duration of the session or until the user logs out of the session.
Persistent cookie: A cookie that remains on the user’s computer for a length of time set before it expires. It may take an hour, a month, or it could take forever.
What does the term RedirectPermanent mean in ASP.Net?
(Junior Level)
Ans: A 301 HTTP status code is returned in the reaction of the RedirectPermanent(String) method overload, which also includes the URL to which the request should be diverted.
What exactly is the difference between a namespace and an assembly?
(Junior Level)
Ans: An assembly is a physical collection of logical components, while a namespace is a collection of classes. Numerous groups may use a namespace at the same time.
In the case of Window Authentication, how may the user name be retrieved?
(Senior level)
Ans: System.Environment.UserName
Is it possible to manually set the session out time?
(Entry level)
Ans: Yes. I was manually setting the session out time on the web.Config is possible.
.NET trash collection is enforced by using the following technique:
(Entry level)
Ans: The System. GC.Collect() function is used to collect garbage.
What is the best way to see whether a page is being posted back?
(Junior Level)
Ans: A property called “Is Post Back” indicates whether or not a post-back has occurred. You may use it to determine if a page is supported by a blog post or not.
What are .NET Core’s Universal Windows Platform (UWP) Apps?
Ans: Client apps for Windows may be developed using the Universal Windows Platform (UWP). WinRT APIs will be used by UWP programs to provide strong user interfaces and advanced asynchronous capabilities that are appropriate for devices connected to the internet.
These are the top 100 .Net interview questions and answers for the candidates who are looking for a job in the desired industry.
Conclusion:
It is a full-stack software development framework primarily used to create big enterprise-scale and scalable software applications on the Microsoft Windows platform. The .NET framework has a large amount of potential in the market. It is a highly adaptable and user-friendly framework that works well with a wide range of different technologies.
Learn more: Top 100+ .NET Framework Interview Questions and Answers
When Java became more popular, the .NET Core framework was created to counteract this trend. The .NET Core is often utilized in projects with a minimal level of risk. Some of the .NET components can be used in .NET core programs, while others cannot .NET components (but not the other way around).
This article is mostly concerned with the principles of the .Net and .NET Core frameworks, respectively. We are certain that it will provide you with the appropriate information as well as a basic understanding of the kind of questions that will be asked during the .Net interview with answers.
We hope you liked the article on .NET interview questions with answers, if you find any mistakes in the answers and would like to add more questions then please do comment below.
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